ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025
Inflammatory Mechanisms of Dysmenorrhea: Novel Insights From Menstrual Effluent in an Adolescent Cohort.
Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The genetics of primary dysmenorrhoea: a systematic review.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Pooled it
- Danggui Buxue Decoction and Its Active Constituents Inhibit Drug-Induced Uterine Contractions via L-Type Calcium Channels and the IPPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Increased C-Reactive Protein Concentrations During Menstruation May Be Important for the Pathophysiology of Endometriosis and Possibly for Adhesion Formation-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring predictors of analgesic response in adult women regularly using NSAIDs: insights from a machine learning approach.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Severe Primary Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic profiling implicates prostaglandin-nitric oxide network dysregulation in uterine microcirculatory impairment in primary dysmenorrhea.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine how eicosanoid levels in menstrual effluent of adolescents within 3 years of menarche relate to the severity of menstrual pain.
designProspective cohort study.
settingCommunity teaching hospital. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Adolescents within 3 years after menarche.
methodsParticipants provided a menstrual effluent sample between 4 and 30 months after menarche. Eicosanoid and oxylipin concentrations were measured in the menstrual effluent. We compared effluent concentrations of participants with menstrual pain (n = 33) to age-matched pain-free controls (n = 18).
main outcome measuresEicosanoid and oxylipin concentrations in menstrual effluent.
resultsParticipants with dysmenorrhea had higher PGF2α (4.5 [1.6, 8.9] ng/mL, p = 0.014) than controls (1.1 [0.07, 4.4] ng/mL). However, differences in PGE2 (7.1 [2.6, 10.1] vs. 3.5 [1.0, 5.1], p = 0.053) and 12-HETE (36.3 [23.7, 60.7] vs. 29.6 [13.4, 51.5], p = 0.305) were not significant. The correlations between PGF2α (r = 0.37, p = 0.004) or PGE2 concentration (r = 0.28, p = 0.046) and menstrual pain intensity were moderate to small. Overall, there were positive correlations between menstrual volume and eicosanoid concentrations (r's > 0.4, p's < 0.001). Participants with dysmenorrhea taking analgesics had more PGF2α (66.2 [43.0, 164.7]) than controls (19.1 [6.0, 47.5], p = 0.04). LC-MS/MS revealed higher concentrations of 12-HETE, 14,15-EET, 15-HETE, 18cdLTB4, LTB4 and PGF2α-and lower 6-kPGF1α-in the effluent of participants with dysmenorrhea compared to controls.
conclusionsElevated PGF2α in adolescents with dysmenorrhea, modest correlations between prostaglandin concentrations and menstrual pain, and the identification of additional oxylipins suggest that inflammatory processes beyond the prostaglandin pathway contribute to dysmenorrhea.
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