ReviewInternational journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics2025
Diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease: 2025 update.
Review in International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- FIGO staging for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: 2026.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Guideline
- Cervical foley tamponade as a bridge to chemotherapy for hemorrhagic postpartum choriocarcinoma.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Gestational choriocarcinoma following an ectopic pregnancy: A diagnostic dilemma in low-resource settings.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Clinical experience with de-escalated chemotherapy for a subset of high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia at a single institution.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Constructing anTranslational cancer research · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy in Gynecologic Cancers: Current Evidence, Biomarker-Driven Practice, and Future Directions.Cancers · 2026Review
- Association of human chorionic gonadotropin and post-pregnancy persistent enhanced myometrial vascularity.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2026Observational
- Article
- Review
- Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Evaluation of Clinical and Biochemical Indices of Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors in Patients Referring to Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah: A Five-Year Analytical Study (2017-2022).Health science reports · 2026Article
- Insights into Reproductive Immunology and Placental Pathology, 2nd Edition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia presenting initially as intraparenchymal and subdural hematoma: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Following Hydatidiform Mole and Non-Molar Pregnancy: Clinical and Prognostic Features from a 40-Year Cohort Study at a Reference Center in Southern Brazil.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Postmenopausal complete hydatidiform mole: A case report.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Metastatic extrauterine gestational choriocarcinoma of the cecum mimicking ruptured ectopic pregnancy: A case report.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia With Intracardiac Metastatic Masses.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Hepatic Ectopic Pregnancy: A Diagnostic Challenge Highlighted by Multimodal Imaging.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Repurposing statins for choriocarcinoma: targeting the mevalonate pathway to disrupt mechanosignaling and overcome therapeutic resistance.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Review
- Checkpoint Inhibition in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A Narrative Review on the Reawakening of Antitumor Immunity.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Choriocarcinoma Histologically Mimicking Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor - A Diagnostic Pitfall in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) arises from abnormal placenta and comprises a spectrum of premalignant to malignant disorders. Changes in the epidemiology of GTD have been noted in various countries. In addition to histology, molecular genetic studies can help in the diagnostic pathway. Earlier detection of molar pregnancy by ultrasound has resulted in changes in clinical presentation and decreased morbidity from uterine evacuation. Follow-up with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is essential for early diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The duration of hCG monitoring varies depending on histological type and regression rate. Low-risk GTN (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] Stages I-III: score <7) is treated with single-agent chemotherapy but may require additional agents. Although scores of 5-6 are associated with higher drug resistance, overall survival approaches 100%. High-risk GTN (FIGO Stages II-III: score ≥7 and Stage IV) is treated with multi-agent chemotherapy, with or without adjuvant surgery for excision of resistant foci of disease or radiotherapy for brain metastases, achieving a survival rate of approximately 90%. Gentle induction chemotherapy in ultra-high-risk disease helps reduce early deaths in patients with extensive tumor burden, but late mortality still occurs from recurrent treatment-resistant tumors. Immunotherapy can be considered in recurrence.
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