Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2025
Caffeinated chewing gum produces comparable strength and power gains to capsules with fewer side effects in resistance-trained men.
Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Fast-Acting Caffeine Strategy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine Chewing Gum on Physical Performance.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- How does acute caffeine ingestion affect maximal strength and muscular power in bench press and back squat in resistance-trained men?Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effects of caffeinated gum doses combined with post-activation performance enhancement on bench-press bar velocity: a randomized crossover study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Effects of caffeinated chewing gum on prolonged repeated-sprint performance in normobaric hypoxia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCaffeine, widely used as an ergogenic aid, has been extensively studied regarding its dosage and timing of ingestion. However, the impact of different administration methods on caffeine's performance-enhancing effects remains relatively underexplored. This study compared the effects of caffeine administered via chewing gum versus capsules on maximal strength, muscular power, and side effects during bench press and back squat exercises.
methodsSixteen resistance-trained males participated in a double-blind, randomized trial, ingesting either a 4 mg/kg caffeine capsule (CC) or placebo capsule (PC) one hour before testing, or a 4 mg/kg caffeinated gum (CG) (4 mg/kg) or placebo gum (PG) five minutes prior. Assessments including one-repetition maximum (1RM) and muscular power at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%1RM for bench press and back squat.
resultsCaffeine increased 1RM (+2.1-5.0%) and muscular power (+6.1-20.0%) in both the bench press and back squat compared to placebo (all
conclusionCaffeinated gum (4 mg/kg) produced ergogenic effects comparable to capsules in enhancing maximal strength and muscular power during bench press and back squat exercises, with fewer side effects in resistance-trained men.
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Registered trials
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