Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40630993›Full record

ArticleJTCVS open2025

Which cardiothoracic surgery training pathway is right for you?

AlleaBelle Bradshaw, Ahmet Kilic, Thomas E MacGillivray, Jennifer S Lawton

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JTCVS open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

AlleaBelle BradshawDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
Ahmet KilicDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
Thomas E MacGillivrayDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC.
Jennifer S LawtonDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: The training pathways in cardiothoracic surgery have evolved so that there are currently several viable options to this career. The purpose of this review is to give insight to medical students and mentors regarding the 4 different pathways. Methods: The evolution of cardiothoracic surgery training and 4 current pathways are briefly reviewed. The main differences between these 4 pathways are then discussed in detail. Results: Key differences between training pathways include time to completion, opportunities for dedicated academic development or research time, family planning considerations, board certification options, opportunities to change programs, competitiveness, and unique considerations for military personnel. Conclusions: This detailed comparison of the training pathways can serve as a resource to help students make informed decisions about the pathway that is best suited to each individual.

Indexed as

educationfellowshipresidency

Identifiers

PMID40630993
PMCPMC12230557

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.