Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40630651›Full record

ReviewNeurotrauma reports2025

Mechanisms of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury AIS Grade Conversion.

Jesse A Stokum, Riccardo Serra, Nicole Gorny, Bradley Wilhelmy, Timothy J Chryssikos, Gary Schwartzbauer, Bizhan Aarabi, Volodymyr Gerzanich, J Marc Simard

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurotrauma reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jesse A StokumDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-9334
Riccardo SerraDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Nicole GornyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Bradley WilhelmyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Timothy J ChryssikosDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Gary SchwartzbauerDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Bizhan AarabiDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Volodymyr GerzanichDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
J Marc SimardDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a major unsolved problem that permanently impairs the lives of innumerable individuals worldwide. Although advances in the basic, pre-clinical and clinical sciences of SCI hold promise for patients, clinicians may lack a full insight into the relevant cellular and molecular events, and laboratory researchers may underappreciate how cellular and molecular phenomena translate into meaningful functional outcomes. To help bridge these perspectives, we first review the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grade, which is the principal instrument used to gauge clinical outcomes in SCI, and the clinically important concept of AIS grade "conversion" (improvement), which occurs in some but not all patients. We then review underlying mechanisms that contribute to the AIS grade and its conversion, including mechanisms of transient neurological dysfunction (neuronal and axonal "stunning"), mechanisms of secondary cell loss (apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis), and mechanisms of axonal loss (primary axotomy and secondary axonal degeneration). Finally, we briefly review approaches to clinical management that may ameliorate identified mechanisms of secondary tissue loss and neurological dysfunction following SCI.

Indexed as

AIS grade conversionneuronal stunningprogrammed cell deathsecondary axonal degenerationsecondary injurytraumatic spinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID40630651
PMCPMC12235128

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.