ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2025
Effects of Soccer Cleat Stud Patterns Worn Versus Lower Extremity Injuries in the English Premier League.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Impact of Football Boot Design on Lower Limb Injury Risk: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Functional Design and Clinical Implications of Modern Soccer Footwear: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Youth Soccer Lower Extremity Injuries Presenting to US Emergency Departments Are Decreasing: A 10-Year Analysis of National Injury Data.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Soccer has driven increased player physical demands, resulting in elevated levels of lower extremity injuries, especially among elite players. Purpose: To analyze the potential effects of soccer cleat stud patterns worn by players who sustained lower extremity injuries in the English Premier League (EPL). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Cleat models, 510 players, and 221 injuries were analyzed from the EPL 2021-2022 season. The injured player cohort was established using Transfermarkt.com, and cleat stud patterns-categorized as very aggressive (VA), mildly aggressive (MA), and nonaggressive (NA)- were obtained from footballbootsdb.com, product websites, and online reviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to assess the risk of lower extremity injury. Poisson regression, multinomial linear regression, chi-square tests, and Results: VA stud patterns had significantly higher injury odds compared with other models (OR Conclusions: EPL players wearing VA stud patterns may have a higher risk of lower extremity injuries compared with those with MA or NA patterns. Older age and player position, combined with cleat type, were associated with increased risk of injury.
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Registered trials
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