Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40630267›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in health services2025

Challenges and strategies for maintaining nutrition services in the Democratic Republic of Congo during COVID-19: a qualitative study.

Marc Bosonkie, Benito Kazenza, Rawlance Ndejjo, Marie-Claire Muyer, Eric Mafuta, Ruphin Mbuyi, Branly Mbunga, Paul-Samsom Lusamba, Olufunmilayo I Fawole, Mala Ali Mapatano

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in health services, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Marc BosonkieDepartment of Nutrition, Kinshasa School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Benito KazenzaDepartment of Nutrition, Kinshasa School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Rawlance NdejjoDepartment of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Marie-Claire MuyerDepartment of Nutrition, Kinshasa School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Eric MafutaDepartment of Health Management and Policy, Kinshasa School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Ruphin MbuyiSocial Protection, Centre National d'Appui au Développement et à la Participation Populaire, Civil Society Organizations, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Branly MbungaDepartment of Nutrition, Kinshasa School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Paul-Samsom LusambaDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kinshasa School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Olufunmilayo I FawoleDepartment of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Mala Ali MapatanoDepartment of Nutrition, Kinshasa School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The rapid spread of COVID-19 forced governments to urgently implement non-pharmaceutical measures to stop the surge. These restrictions disrupted the provision of nutrition services. This study identified challenges faced by nutrition services using the six components of the health system and preventive strategies that can strengthen nutrition interventions during future outbreaks. Methods: A multiple-case qualitative study was carried out. Purposive sampling was used for recruitment of participants. 57 key informants were selected based on their role in the Nutrition sector at different levels of the health pyramid. The interview guide incorporated nutrition leadership, financing, workforce, infrastructure and commodities, service delivery and information system. Each topic had subtopics on challenges and adaptations. All transcripts were exported to Atlas Ti v22, and thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Initially excluded from the national COVID-19 response, nutrition services were later integrated through advocacy by the National Nutrition Program. Despite limited funding, the government maintained support, and health workers adapted with flexible staffing approaches. Commodity shortages, including Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food, led to the use of locally produced substitutes. Movement restrictions and fear of infection disrupted essential services such as growth monitoring and immunization. To sustain access, mitigation strategies were implemented, including tailored education, modified weighing methods, and decentralized care. Key innovations included rapid registration with anthropometric protocols, additional service points for child health activities, double-weighing scales to reduce contact, crowd control during Growth Monitoring Promotion, community-based service delivery, and improved digital integration. Conclusions: COVID-19 disrupted all pillars of nutrition services in the DRC but also spurred innovation. Institutionalizing adaptive strategies, securing sustainable funding, and supporting local Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food production are essential to strengthen resilience and ensure continuity of nutrition services in future health emergencies.

Indexed as

challengesCOVID-19DRCmaintaining nutrition servicessolutions

Identifiers

PMID40630267
PMCPMC12234544

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.