ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2025
Temporal and Seasonal Trends in Pediatric Eye Trauma in California.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to evaluate temporal and seasonal trends in pediatric eye trauma based on emergency department (ED) visits in California. Design: Retrospective, population-based cohort study. Methods: Children who presented with ocular trauma to EDs in California between 2016 and 2021 were identified using the California Department of Health Care Access and Information datasets and classified by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes. Poisson regression was used to model yearly incidence and seasonality was assessed. Results: Among 15,674,366 ED visits by children in California from 2016 to 2021, 160,730 (1.0%) involved a primary or secondary diagnosis of ocular trauma. The mean age at presentation was 7.6 (SD: 5.6) years. The most common diagnoses were ocular adnexal open wound (51.4%) and superficial injury of the eye/adnexa (23.6%). The overall yearly incidence of eye trauma was 3.0 (95% CI: 3.0-3.0) per 1000 children, peaking in 2017 (3.4) and lowest in 2020 (2.1) and significantly decreased over the study period. Male children and Black and Hispanic/Latino children had the highest incidence of ocular trauma. A significant seasonal pattern was observed, with the highest incidence in May and the lowest in January (P<0.01). Geographically, the highest incidences were in the Inland North and Central Valley regions. Over the 6-year period, the percentage of self-pay (uninsured) pediatric patients decreased over time, and public insurance (Medicaid/Title V) remained the most common payor. Conclusion: Ocular trauma represents a small fraction of ED visits for children in California. The incidence of ocular trauma ED visits decreased over the study period and displayed a seasonal trend. Higher incidence of ocular trauma were observed in male and Black and Hispanic/Latino children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.