Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40630018›Full record

Trial reportAlcohol, clinical & experimental research2025

Effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on pro-inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in individuals with alcohol use disorder: Post hoc results from a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Malthe E B Hviid, Lea A N Christoffersen, Mette K Klausen, Thorsten Brodersen, Ole B Pedersen, Sisse R Ostrowski, Margit H Larsen, Mette Kongstad, Mathias E Jensen, Tina Vilsbøll and 1 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Alcohol, clinical & experimental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Malthe E B HviidPsychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Lea A N ChristoffersenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-6324
Mette K KlausenPsychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9300-470X
Thorsten BrodersenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-9972
Ole B PedersenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-5976
Sisse R OstrowskiDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-3851
Margit H LarsenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mette KongstadDepartment of Clinical Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mathias E JensenPsychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-4785
Tina VilsbøllDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0456-6787
Anders Fink-JensenPsychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capitol Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-1236

Funding

Aase and Ejnar Danielsen FoundationGrosserer L.F. Foghts FondHartmann FoundationLundbeck FoundationP.A. Messerschmidt og Hustrus FondSlagtermester Max Worzner og hustru Inger Worzners mindelegatThe A.P. Moeller FoundationThe Augustinus FoundationThe Ivan Nielsen FoundationThe Novavi FoundationThe Research Foundation, Capital Region of DenmarkThe Research Foundation, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and increased risk of all-cause mortality. This study aimed to compare the pro-inflammatory and metabolic biomarker profiles in individuals with AUD with individuals without AUD, and to evaluate the effect of exenatide on these biomarkers in individuals with AUD.

methodsSerum concentrations of 25 biomarkers (interferon-γ [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], C-peptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide [GIP], glucagon-like peptide [GLP-1], glucagon, insulin, leptin, pancreatic polypeptide [PP], adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF-21], total cholesterol [CHOL], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides [TG]) from individuals with AUD were measured at baseline and after 26 weeks of treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) exenatide once-weekly or placebo, using multiplexed immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and line immunoassays. Serum samples from 23 individuals with no record of AUD or treatment with a GLP-1RA were measured once for comparison with individuals with AUD.

resultsIL-6 (1.56 vs. 0.62 pg/mL), hsCRP (3.30 vs. 1.34 mg/L), and FGF-21 (1794.97 vs. 306.11 pg/mL) were significantly higher, whereas GIP (63.06 vs. 111.07 pg/mL) was significantly lower in individuals with AUD (n = 124) than in those without AUD (n = 23). No significant changes in biomarker levels were observed after treatment with exenatide (n = 40) compared with treatment with placebo (n = 37).

conclusionOur findings support the well-established link between AUD and inflammation. However, treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide did not impact pro-inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers.

Indexed as

AlcoholismExenatideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsAdultBiomarkersDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInflammationMaleMiddle AgedBiomarkersExenatideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic Agentsalcohol use disorderexenatideFGF‐21GIPGLP‐1hsCRPIL‐6

Identifiers

PMID40630018
PMCPMC12365570

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.