Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40629389›Full record

SynthesisBMC veterinary research2025

Zoonotic pathogens in equids in Central Europe: a systematic review.

Aisha Arshad, Anna Helga Reif, Jessika-Maximiliane V Cavalleri, Amélie Desvars-Larrive

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC veterinary research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Aisha ArshadCentre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Anna Helga ReifCentre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Jessika-Maximiliane V CavalleriClinical Centre for Equine Health and Research, Clinical Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Amélie Desvars-LarriveCentre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria. amelie.desvars@vetmeduni.ac.at.

Funding

Higher Education Commision, Pakistan HRD/OSS-III/2022/HEC/19766
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEquids serve diverse roles in contemporary society. Their use as companion animals, in sports, transportation, and food production brings them into close contact with humans, creating potential zoonotic risks. This review had two objectives: (i) to catalogue zoonotic pathogens detected in equids across Central Europe, and (ii) to analyse research trends and collaborations in equid zoonosis studies within the region. We conducted a systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines to identify publications on naturally occurring zoonotic pathogens in equids from nine countries: Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland. We searched three databases-PubMed, Scopus, and CABI-yielding 1,435 publications, of which 256 were included in the review, spanning 58 years of research (1964-2022).

resultsOur findings revealed increased publications on equine-associated zoonotic pathogens in the region since the 1990s, reflecting growing global concerns about zoonoses, with a recent surge in research on emerging zoonotic agents. A total of 191 zoonotic pathogens were investigated during the study period, with the top 10 most studied pathogens representing 60.2% of the included literature. Researchers from 24 countries, organised into nine research communities, collaborated on equine zoonotic diseases in the region. Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, and the USA played pivotal roles in the research network. Additionally, we reported 183 zoonotic taxa potentially infecting equids and humans in Central Europe, of which 79.2% were bacteria, 15.8% were eukaryotes, and 4.9% were viruses. This expanded list marks a notable increase from the 56 pathogens reported in previous studies. Pairwise comparisons revealed that Italy and Germany shared the highest number of pathogens (40 taxa), followed by Italy and Switzerland (25 taxa), and Germany and Switzerland (25 taxa).

conclusionsThis study offers an updated list of zoonotic pathogens in equids in Central Europe, highlights emerging threats such as West Nile virus, and underscores the importance of continued surveillance and cross-border collaboration to mitigate these risks.

Indexed as

EquidaeHorse DiseasesZoonosesAnimalsEuropeHorsesHumansCentral EuropeCollaboration networkEquidsPublic healthZoonotic disease

Identifiers

PMID40629389
PMCPMC12235778

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.