Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40629334›Full record

ArticleBMC medical informatics and decision making2025

Streamlining medical software development with CARE lifecycle and CARE agent: an AI-driven technology readiness level assessment tool.

Steven N Hart, Patrick L Day, Christopher A Garcia

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical informatics and decision making, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Steven N HartDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55901, USA. hart.steven@mayo.edu.
Patrick L DayDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55901, USA.
Christopher A GarciaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55901, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDeveloping medical software requires navigating complex regulatory, ethical, and operational challenges. A comprehensive framework that supports both technical maturity and clinical safety is essential for effective artificial intelligence and machine learning system deployment. This paper introduces the Clinical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Evaluator Lifecycle and the Clinical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Evaluator Agent-a framework and AI-driven tool designed to streamline technology readiness level assessments in medical software development.

methodsWe developed the framework using an iterative process grounded in collaborative stakeholder analysis. Key institutional stakeholders-including clinical informatics experts, data engineers, ethicists, and operational leaders-were engaged to identify and prioritize the regulatory, ethical, and technical requirements unique to clinical AI/ML development. This approach, combined with a thorough review of existing methodologies, informed the creation of a lifecycle model that guides technology maturation from initial concept to full deployment. The AI-driven tool was implemented using a retrieval-augmented generation strategy and evaluated through a synthetic use case (the Diabetes Outcome Predictor). Evaluation metrics included the proportion of correctly addressed assessment questions and the overall time required for automated review, with human adjudication validating the tool's performance.

resultsThe findings indicate that the proposed framework effectively captures the complexities of clinical AI development. In the synthetic use case, the AI-driven tool identified that 32.8% of the assessment questions remained unanswered, while human adjudication confirmed discrepancies in 19.4% of these instances. These outcomes suggest that, when fully refined, the automated assessment process can reduce the need for extensive multi-stakeholder involvement, accelerate project timelines, and enhance resource efficiency.

conclusionsThe Clinical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Evaluator Lifecycle and Agent offer a robust and methodologically sound approach for evaluating the maturity of medical AI systems. By integrating stakeholder-driven insights with an AI-based assessment process, this framework lays the groundwork for more streamlined, secure, and effective clinical AI development. Future work will focus on optimizing retrieval strategies and expanding validation across diverse clinical applications.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceSoftwareSoftware DesignTechnology Assessment, BiomedicalHumansMachine LearningAI-driven assessmentAutomation in technology evaluationCARE agentCARE lifecycleData privacyLocal deploymentRetrieval-augmented generation (RAG)Self-service toolingStakeholder personasTechnology readiness level (TRL)

Identifiers

PMID40629334
PMCPMC12236009

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.