ArticleBMC veterinary research2025
Safety and dosing of testosterone for hormone restoration in neutered dogs.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA lack of safety and dosing information on restoring hormone levels in neutered dogs has hindered treatment of spay-neuter syndrome, the diverse set of health and behavior conditions resulting from the loss of gonadal hormones. The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the use of testosterone treatment in male neutered dogs using a target animal safety study design. Twelve previously neutered dogs were divided into four equal groups, receiving 0 (controls), 1x, 3x, or 5x the standard weekly dose of injectable testosterone cypionate (0.5 mg/kg) for 90 days. Bloodwork, including endocrine assays, body condition, prostate health, and qualitative behavioral observations were used to evaluate any changes in health during treatment.
resultsTestosterone levels increased in a dose-dependent fashion, and luteinizing hormone decreased after a month of treatment in dogs receiving 5x the standard dose. Behavioral measures, Zambelli prostate health score, body condition scores, clinical evaluations, and routine blood hematology and chemistries showed minor variation over time or across groups. Two seizures were documented in a dog from group 3x with previous suspected idiopathic epilepsy.
conclusionsThe results of the initial safety study indicated that weekly injectable testosterone therapy over a 3-month period was safe and capable of increasing testosterone levels in neutered dogs to within the normal range for intact dogs. The limitations of the study included small group sizes and no long-term follow up. A summary of the risks and recommendations for the use of testosterone restoration in dogs was provided.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.