Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40629228›Full record

ArticleWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP2025

Developmental vulnerability in children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Western Australia: a population-based study.

Kendalem Asmare Atalell, Gavin Pereira, Bereket Duko, Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu, Vegard Skirbekk, Gizachew A Tessema

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Article in World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kendalem Asmare AtalellCurtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. k.atalell@postgrad.curtin.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0003-1127-3592
Gavin PereiraCurtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Bereket DukoCurtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Sylvester Dodzi NyadanuCurtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Vegard SkirbekkCentre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Population Health, Oslo, Norway.
Gizachew A TessemaCurtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council 1099655National Health and Medical Research Council 1195716
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEarly childhood developmental adversities have long-term effects on educational and overall health outcomes. However, the developmental outcomes of children from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between having a CALD backgrounds and developmental vulnerability in Western Australia.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using data from the Australian Early Development Censuses, Midwives Notification System, and Hospital Morbidity Data Collections. Developmental vulnerability was defined as domain scores < 10th percentile in five Australian Early Development Censuses domains. Covariate-adjusted logistic regression, incorporating propensity score weighting, was applied, and the population attributable risk calculations results were informed.

resultsAmong 10,048 CALD children and 49,877 non-CALD children, 23.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 22.9, 24.5%] of CALD children experienced developmental vulnerability in one or more Australian Early Development Censuses domain(s) (DV1) compared with 19.6% (95% CI 19.3, 20.0%) of non-CALD children. Adjusted analyses revealed that CALD children had 23% greater odds of DV1 [odds ratio (OR) 1.23; 95% CI 1.16, 1.31] and developmental vulnerability in two or more Australian Early Development Censuses domains (DV2) (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.13, 1.33). CALD children had more than twice the odds of vulnerability in terms of communication skills and general knowledge (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.99, 2.34) and 37% greater odds in language and cognitive skills (school-based) (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.25, 1.51). The population attributable risk was 3.77% for DV1, 3.67% for DV2, 5.90% for language and cognitive skills (school-based), and 16.24% for communication skills and general knowledge.

conclusionsThis study revealed a greater developmental vulnerability burden among CALD children than among their non-CALD peers, particularly in the domains of communication skills and general knowledge. Strengthening culturally responsive policies, enhancing early childhood support programs, and ensuring equitable access to educational resources for children from CALD backgrounds may help reduce developmental disparities and promote long-term educational outcomes.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentCultural DiversityDevelopmental DisabilitiesVulnerable PopulationsChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInfantLogistic ModelsMaleRetrospective StudiesWestern AustraliaChildren development disparityCulturally and linguistically diverseDevelopmental vulnerabilityEarly childhoodPopulation-based cohortWestern Australia

Identifiers

PMID40629228
PMCPMC12307503

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.