ArticleScientific reports2025
Exploring the role of inflammation, immunity, and metabolism in colorectal cancer via mendelian randomization approach.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic and Inflammatory Risk Stratification in Resected Cholangiocarcinoma: A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prognostic Factors and Nomogram-Based Prediction Models for Colorectal Cancer Patients With Synchronous Peritoneal Metastasis Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Spirulina and exercise: a two-pronged approach to mitigating oxidative stress in colorectal cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent type of cancer affecting the digestive system, characterized by a complex and not fully understood development process. Inflammation and metabolic processes are thought to play significant roles in both the initiation and progression of this disease. This study aimed to clarify the causal relationships between CRC and specific inflammatory proteins, immune cell types, and metabolites, while also exploring potential bidirectional associations and identifying possible therapeutic targets. We employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate a wide array of biological factors, including 4,907 plasma proteins, 91 inflammatory proteins, 731 immune cell characteristics, and 1,400 metabolites. Additionally, we utilized bioinformatics techniques such as constructing Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks, performing Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and conducting Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Our results indicated significant associations between CRC and 104 circulating proteins, 5 inflammatory proteins, 24 immune cell traits, and 28 metabolites. Through subnetwork analysis, we identified 15 central proteins, among which Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) showed notable variability in expression. This finding was computationally validated through survival analysis data from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2) databases. Furthermore, molecular docking studies confirmed TIMP1 as a promising drug target, demonstrating stable interactions with compounds such as meclizine and megestrol. Overall, this research enhances our understanding of CRC pathogenesis by emphasizing the roles of inflammation, immune response, and metabolic pathways, and it suggests TIMP1 as a particularly promising target for future therapeutic development.
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