Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40628814›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Prevalence and reasons for electronic nicotine delivery systems modifications among U.S. youth, young adult, and adult users.

Lucy Popova, Bai Cham, Zachary B Massey, Thi Phuong Thao Tran, Mohammed M Alqahtani, Robert T Fairman, Ruiyan Luo, Scott R Weaver, David L Ashley

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lucy PopovaSchool of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA. lpopova1@gsu.edu.
Bai ChamSchool of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
Zachary B MasseyTSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Thi Phuong Thao TranSchool of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
Mohammed M AlqahtaniDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Robert T FairmanDepartment of Health Promotion and Physical Education, Wellstar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.
Ruiyan LuoSchool of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
Scott R WeaverSchool of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
David L AshleySchool of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.

Funding

Tissue Pathology Shared ResourceP30CA225520 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI ROBERT S. MANNEL · 2018 to 2026
$27.1M
The Impact of Design Characteristics on the Modification Potential of Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsR01DA047397 · NIDA · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ASHLEY, DAVID LIDDELL, POPOVA, LYUDMILA · 2018 to 2020
$1.6M
Developing and Testing Warning Labels for Retail Cannabis ProductsK01DA057395 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI Zachary Massey · 2023 to 2026
$717k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA225520NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA057395NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA047397the National Institute on Drug Abuse K01DA057395the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health and US Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products R01DA047397the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust TSET; STCST00400_FY25the OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center through an NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA225520
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluated the prevalence of various electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) modifications among U.S. ENDS users and reasons for these modifications. We conducted a national survey of U.S. youth (13-17 years old, n = 553), young adults (18-29 years old, n = 634), and older adults (30 + , n = 760) who reported past 30-day ENDS use in 2021. The result showed that, in each age group, a large majority had engaged in at least one ENDS modification (youth, young adults, and older adults respectively: 84.3%, 84.1%, 76.9%), with modifications to e-liquid (68.1%, 61.2%, 48.7%) and coils (63.7%, 61.4%, 57.2%) being the most common. For some modifications, prevalence varied by age group and race/ethnicity. Participants endorsed various reasons for modifications, many related to accessing or enhancing the flavor of the aerosol. For youth, having heard about the modification was an important reason for trying a modification. Conversely, young adults and older adults frequently mentioned making the device last longer and saving money. ENDS modifications are widespread, but the reasons for modification differ between age groups. Some of these common modifications can lead to potential harm; they need to be regulated through product standards and marketing decisions, and ENDS users should be educated about potentially dangerous modifications.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsVapingAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNicotinePrevalenceSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesYoung AdultNicotineE-cigarettesElectronic nicotine delivery systemsFlavorsPrevalenceYouth and young adults

Identifiers

PMID40628814
PMCPMC12238517

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.