Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40628748›Full record

ArticleScientific data2025

MapAgora, civic opportunity datasets for the study of American local politics and public policy.

Jae Yeon Kim, Milan de Vries, Hahrie Han

Abstract readDataset
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jae Yeon KimSNF Agora Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA. jkim638@jhu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6533-7910
Milan de VriesSNF Agora Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA.
Hahrie HanSNF Agora Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Civil society plays a vital role in cultivating civic skills and democratic engagement. Yet studying it at scale in the United States remains challenging due to the decentralized nature of the nonprofit organizations that constitute civil society. We introduce MapAgora, a set of five new datasets that provide a comprehensive view of civic opportunity across America. Drawing on IRS tax records and the websites of over 1.7 million nonprofit organizations, we examine whether organizations offer civic opportunities, such as membership, volunteering, public events, or civic and political action, and classify them by type (e.g., political, professional, issue-based). The de-identified organization-level dataset includes indicators of civic opportunity, organizational type, and financial status. Four additional datasets aggregate this information at the ZIP code and county levels. We validate that civic opportunity is conceptually distinct from financial resources at the organizational level, while aggregate patterns align with traditional measures of socioeconomic inequality. These datasets offer new tools for understanding civic infrastructure, local democracy, and public policy.

Indexed as

PoliticsPublic PolicyHumansOrganizations, NonprofitUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40628748
PMCPMC12238288

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.