Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40628395›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2025

Antiviral Monocytes Increase Prior to Detectable HIV-1 Rebound Viremia.

Anna Farrell-Sherman, Natalia de la Force, Cecilia A Prator, Renan Valieris, Walker Azam, Israel Da Silva, Steven G Deeks, Cassandra Thanh, Ronald J Bosch, Timothy J Henrich and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Early immune responses anticipate HIV rebound and precede viral control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Anna Farrell-ShermanVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Natalia de la ForceVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-5894-1311
Cecilia A PratorDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Renan ValierisLaboratory of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-8402-3175
Walker AzamVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-2613-3576
Israel Da SilvaLaboratory of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-4687-1499
Steven G DeeksDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Cassandra ThanhDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6458-3469
Ronald J BoschCenter for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Timothy J HenrichDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Lillian B CohnVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3485-8692

Funding

Leadership and Operations Center (LOC), AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG); LOC 1/UM1AI068636 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Joseph J Eron, RAJESH T GANDHI · 2011 to 2026
$1073.1M
Translational Bioimaging Core Shared ResourceP30CA015704 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Eric Collisson · 1985 to 2026
$296.4M
Statistical and Data Management Center (SDMC), AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG)UM1AI068634 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Marlene Ann Cooper, Michael David Hughes · 2011 to 2026
$246.6M
Validation, CLIA and Qualification (VQC): Enhancing the RS ratio as a tool for AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) tuberculosis trialsUM1AI106701 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Grace M Aldrovandi · 2014 to 2026
$116.8M
Statistical and Data Management Center for the AIDS Clinical Trials GroupU01AI068634 · NIAID · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI HUGHES, MICHAEL DAVID · 2006 to 2010
$71.9M
Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise to Cure HIVUM1AI164560 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STEVEN Grant DEEKS, Sharon Ruth Lewin · 2021 to 2026
$32.0M
San Francisco Vaccine and Prevention UnitUM1AI069496 · NIAID · PUBLIC HEALTH FOUNDATION ENTERPRISES · PI Susan Buchbinder, Diane V Havlir · 2012 to 2026
$30.5M
Targeting Non Viral Markers of HIV PersistenceR01AI141003 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HENRICH, TIMOTHY JENSEN · 2018 to 2022
$4.9M
Mentoring Scientists for Careers in HIV Translational Clinical ResearchK24AI174971 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Timothy Jensen Henrich · 2023 to 2026
$766k
Gates Foundation INV-002707National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases K24AI174971National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01AI141003National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases UM1AI068634National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases UM1AI068636National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases UM1AI106701National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases UM1AI164560NCI NIH HHS P30 CA015704NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI174971NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI141003NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI068634NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068634NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068636NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI069496NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI106701NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI164560
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The persistence of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) proviruses in latently infected cells allows viremia to resume upon treatment cessation. To characterize the resulting immune response, we compared plasma proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells before, during, and after detectable plasma viremia. We observed unique transcriptional signatures prior to viral rebound, including a significant increase in CD16++ monocytes with increased antiviral gene expression. Inflammatory proteins were identified in plasma after detectable rebound. Identifying early signals of imminent viral rebound after treatment cessation will aid in the development of strategies to prolong time to viral rebound and cure HIV-1.

Indexed as

HIV-1HIV InfectionsMonocytesViremiaHumansLeukocytes, MononuclearMaleProteomicsReceptors, IgGSingle-Cell AnalysisViral LoadReceptors, IgGanalytical treatment interruptionHIV-1HIV reboundinnate immune sensingmonocyte activation

Identifiers

PMID40628395
PMCPMC12614978

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.