Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40628266›Full record

ArticleCell genomics2025

Benchmarking of T cell receptor-epitope predictors with ePytope-TCR.

Felix Drost, Anna Chernysheva, Mahmoud Albahah, Katharina Kocher, Kilian Schober, Benjamin Schubert

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell genomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. T Cell Thoughts.Immunological reviews · 2026
    Review
  2. Technical review of artificial intelligence in TCR-T therapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Revised Adaptive Immune Receptor Data in the Immune Epitope Database.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. AMULETY: A Python package to embed adaptive immune receptor sequences.Immunoinformatics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Felix DrostComputational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Anna ChernyshevaComputational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Mahmoud AlbahahComputational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Katharina KocherMikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Kilian SchoberMikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Benjamin SchubertComputational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany. Electronic address: benjamin.schubert@helmholtz-muenchen.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the recognition of disease-derived epitopes through T cell receptors (TCRs) has the potential to serve as a stepping stone for the development of efficient immunotherapies and vaccines. While a plethora of sequence-based prediction methods for TCR-epitope binding exists, their pre-trained models have not been comparatively evaluated. To alleviate this shortcoming, we integrated 21 TCR-epitope prediction models into the immune-prediction framework ePytope, offering interoperable interfaces with standard TCR repertoire data formats. We showcase the applicability of ePytope-TCR by evaluating the performance of these publicly available prediction models on two challenging datasets. While novel predictors successfully predicted binding to frequently observed epitopes, all methods failed for less frequently observed epitopes. Further, we detected a strong bias in the prediction scores between different epitope classes. We envision this benchmark to guide researchers in their choice of a predictor and to accelerate the method development by defining standardized evaluation settings.

Indexed as

Computational BiologyEpitopes, T-LymphocyteReceptors, Antigen, T-CellBenchmarkingHumansSoftwareEpitopes, T-LymphocyteReceptors, Antigen, T-Celladaptive immunologybenchmarkingdeep learningmachine learningT cell immunologyT cell receptorTCR-epitope prediction

Identifiers

PMID40628266
PMCPMC12366652

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.