ArticlePerceptual and motor skills2026
Novel Clinical Assessment of Visual, Vestibular, Somatosensory, and Autonomic Function: Establishing Test Re-Test Reliability in a Healthy Population.
Article in Perceptual and motor skills, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Visual, Vestibular, and Somatosensory Function in Female Rugby League Athletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
IntroductionMaintaining balance is a complex process involving the integration of information from the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory (VVS) systems, along with autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Traditional assessments of these systems are often expensive, limited to specialised settings or focus on overall balance outcomes, potentially overlooking deficits in the individual systems. This study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability of a novel, fully portable clinical assessment tool designed to provide objective measures for individual components of the VVS system and ANS function.MethodsTwenty-eight participants (aged 20-88 years), with no comorbidities and meeting Australian physical activity guidelines, completed the protocol twice. The novel clinical assessment tool comprised of two systems: (1) a virtual reality-type headset incorporating eye-tracking to evaluate visual-vestibular function (smooth pursuit and voluntary saccades), and autonomic function (pupil light reflex); and (2) the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus (AMEDA) for somatosensory function. Reliability was assessed using two-way mixed-effects model (consistency type, single rater) Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC 3,1) calculated in R-studio. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) was also calculated. Bland-Altman plots were utilised to visualise the agreement between two test repeats.ResultsEach metric demonstrated at least moderate to good test re-test reliability: left and right AMEDA (ICC = 0.69 and 0.75), smooth pursuit (ICC = 0.67), voluntary saccades (ICC = 0.53), autonomic response delay (ICC = 0.80), parasympathetic function (ICC = 0.86), and sympathetic function (ICC = 0.89).DiscussionThis study supports the reliability of a new, fully portable clinical assessment tool to assess VVS and ANS function. By demonstrating the reliability of this new streamlined tool for evaluating the VVS and ANS systems, the findings of this study has the potential to enhance clinical practice and research in falls prevention and balance rehabilitation.
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