Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40627588›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing typhoid fever prevalence and multidrug resistance in Niger State, Nigeria.

Dickson A Musa, Hussaini Majiya, Umar A, Shedrack E Akor, Salamatu Mambula-Machunga, Harun K Aremu, Enyo Sule, Samuel E Abah, Vincent T Balogu, Andrew C Iloh and 1 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Dickson A MusaTrans-Saharan Disease Research Centre, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.
Hussaini MajiyaTrans-Saharan Disease Research Centre, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.
Umar ATrans-Saharan Disease Research Centre, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.
Shedrack E AkorPrince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Salamatu Mambula-MachungaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Harun K AremuTrans-Saharan Disease Research Centre, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-5979
Enyo SuleTrans-Saharan Disease Research Centre, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8360-6493
Samuel E AbahTrans-Saharan Disease Research Centre, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.
Vincent T BaloguDepartment of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.
Andrew C IlohTrans-Saharan Disease Research Centre, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.
Stella I SmithNigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study investigated the prevalence of typhoid fever and the factors contributing to multidrug resistance in Niger State, Nigeria, a region affected by limited sanitation and healthcare access. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study design was employed across communities in Niger State, Nigeria, where participants in different communities of the state aged 18 years and above were enrolled. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolation from stool and determination and interpretation of multi-drug resistance were performed according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. We examined the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, clinical factors, and multidrug resistant (MDR) in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS/

conclusionsAmong the 624 participants, typhoid fever prevalence was recorded at 36.5%, with young adults (ages 18-27) and semi-urban residents demonstrating higher infection rates. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed 98% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, whereas gentamicin and levofloxacin exhibited high efficacy. Our findings underscore the urgent need for health education, improved antibiotic regulation, and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions to control typhoid fever and mitigate MDR challenges.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialSalmonella typhiTyphoid FeverAdolescentAdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedNigeriaPrevalenceSociodemographic FactorsYoung AdultAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID40627588
PMCPMC12237014

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.