Trial reportDiabetes care2025
Changes in β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity During Treatment With Dapagliflozin Alone or in Combination With Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetes.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Time in range during caloric restriction in type 2 diabetes with obesity.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) alone or with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on β-cell function (BCF) in type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis was that an SGLT2i combined with a GLP-1RA provides superior improvement in BCF than either agent alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsNinety patients underwent a 180-min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 1) after one drug dose (acute study) (placebo [n = 15], dapagliflozin [n = 25], exenatide [n = 25], and dapagliflozin/exenatide [n = 25]) and 2) after 1 and 4 months of therapy. Corrected Matsuda index (cMI) for urinary glucose loss, insulin secretion, and BCF indices were calculated during OGTT.
resultsIn the acute study, mean ± SEM cMI in dapagliflozin (2.29 ± 0.33), exenatide (2.03 ± 0.12), and dapagliflozin/exenatide (2.36 ± 0.14) was higher (P < 0.05) than placebo (1.63 ± 0.36). After 1 and 4 months, cMI remained similarly elevated in exenatide and increased further (P < 0.001) in dapagliflozin and dapagliflozin/exenatide. In the acute study, insulin secretion in dapagliflozin was similar to placebo but higher (P < 0.001 vs. both) in exenatide and dapagliflozin/exenatide. After 1 and 4 months in exenatide and in dapagliflozin/exenatide, insulin secretion remained higher (P < 0.01 vs. both) than dapagliflozin. BCF index in the acute study was 0.40 ± 0.04 in placebo, 62% higher (P < 0.05) in dapagliflozin (0.65 ± 0.10), threefold higher in exenatide (1.17 ± 0.22), and fourfold higher in dapagliflozin/exenatide (1.69 ± 0.12) (all P < 0.001 vs. placebo). At 1 and 4 months, BCF rose further in dapagliflozin and exenatide but did not increase further in dapagliflozin/exenatide.
conclusionsDapagliflozin and exenatide monotherapy cause sustained improvements in BCF and insulin sensitivity. Combination therapy with dapagliflozin plus exenatide markedly augmented both BCF and insulin sensitivity above that with either agent alone.
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