ArticleAnnals of medicine2025
Global, regional, and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases,1990-2021 and predictions to 2035: analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Supporting referral to pulmonary rehabilitation from primary care: A systematic evaluation of interventions using the ERIC taxonomy.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Patterns of multimorbidity, their outcomes and analytical methods for their determination: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- The prevalence of panic disorder in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- The hidden vulnerability: heavy and persistent burden of dietary iron deficiency among women and children in China, India and globally based on the global burden of disease 2021.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
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- Nrf2 Activation Alleviates Silica-Induced Toxicity in Alveolar Macrophages via Glutamine Metabolic Reprogramming.Toxics · 2026Article
- The triple-hit hypothesis: exploring pulmonary e-cigarette, PMEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
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- Construction of a prediction model for depression risk in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on machine learning algorithms and analysis of influencing factors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between frailty and the risks of chronic pulmonary diseases and lung cancer.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- NRICM102, a TCM Formula, Attenuates COPD-Relevant Inflammatory Lung Injury in Mice by Improving Pulmonary Function and Reversing Immune Dysregulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Associations between physical activity levels and chronic lung diseases in middle-aged and older adults in China: A CHARLS-based study.PloS one · 2026Article
- EvoApneaFormer: an IoT and prognostic evolutionary deep learning-based framework for real-time multi-event sleep apnea disorder detection and remote monitoring.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Factors associated with life-space mobility in older adults with chronic respiratory disease: IMIAS study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- World Asthma Day 2026: asthma burden for patients and families will not be alleviated by science alone.Respiratory research & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Redox signaling in chronic airway diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Pyroptosis, A Double-Edged Sword in Respiratory Diseases: A Narrative Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Divergent Trajectories and Risk Factor Attribution of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Burden in China and the United States, 1990-2023: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis with Projections to 2035 Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Function and Influencing Factor Investigation for Rural Homemakers in the Fenwei Plain, China.Toxics · 2025Article
- Letter to the editor regarding: 'global, regional, and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990-2021 and predictions to 2035: analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021'.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) have undergone significant epidemiological shifts in recent decades. This study comprehensively analyses the evolving global and regional burden of CRDs over the past 30 years and their attributable risk factors, aiming to identify key trends and inform effective prevention and control strategies.
methodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, this study examines trends in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) for CRDs from 1990 to 2021, across global, regional, and national levels. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was employed to quantify ASR trends over specified intervals. Additionally, Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modeling was utilized to depict and project CRD trends through 2035.
resultsIn 2021, the global incidence of CRDs was 55.21 million (95% UI 48.68-64.56), predominantly comprising asthma (37.86 million; 95% UI 31.38-46.92) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (16.90 million; 95% UI 15.47-18.34), followed by interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary sarcoidosis (0.39 million; 95% UI 0.35-0.43) and pneumoconiosis (0.06 million; 95% UI 0.05-0.07). Since 1990, the age-standardized prevalence (ASPR) of CRDs has generally declined, except for ILD and pulmonary sarcoidosis, which increased by 8.74%. The global ASIR of CRDs is projected to continue declining, reaching 517.25 per 100,000 population by 2035, with ASMR of 39.21 per 100,000. Risk factor studies have shown that solid fuels burden remained higher among females in low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) areas, while smoking-attributable burden predominated among males.
conclusionThis study characterizes the CRD burden across regions, ages, and sexes, identifying key risk factors to inform burden-reduction policies.
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