ReviewImmunity, inflammation and disease2025
Disparities in Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Europe.
Review in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Coverage and appropriateness of influenza vaccination in adults ≥ 60 y: Provider contribution and adherence to Italian national recommendations.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Structured Pharmacist-Led Vaccine Recommendation and Coadministration in Community Pharmacies: Real-World Evidence from Poland.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Preventive Strategies and Determinants of Vaccination Compliance Among Older Adults in Rural Amazonian Communities.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Parental Attitudes and Hesitancy Towards Childhood Influenza Vaccination in Slovakia: A Cross-Sectional Survey of 301 Parents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Among Working-Age Adults in Poland: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.Vaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeasonal influenza remains a major public health challenge in Europe, associated with high morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Despite the proven efficacy and cost-effectiveness of vaccination, coverage rates vary substantially across European countries and population groups, often falling short of the World Health Organization's target of 75% for older adults.
objectiveThis narrative review aims to identify and explore disparities in seasonal influenza vaccination coverage across European countries and among different population subgroups. It also seeks to examine the underlying causes of these disparities and propose actionable strategies to improve equity in vaccine uptake.
methodsA literature search was conducted using the PubMed database for English-language articles published within the last 5 years. Keywords included: comorbidity, disparity, Europe, inequality, influenza, knowledge, ethnic disparity, seasonal influenza vaccination, socioeconomic disparity, vaccination coverage, and vaccine hesitancy. Additional references were identified from the retrieved articles.
resultsWidespread disparities in influenza vaccination were observed across various demographic and professional groups. These included disparities by geographic location, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sex and gender, age, comorbidities, and occupation-particularly among healthcare professionals. Contributing factors included limited knowledge or education, negative attitudes or behaviors toward vaccination, vaccine hesitancy and fatigue, and restricted access to vaccination services. Structural barriers and institutional trust issues also played key roles.
conclusionsAddressing disparities in influenza vaccination coverage in Europe requires multi-level, stakeholder-specific strategies. These should include education campaigns, improved access through alternative delivery settings (e.g., pharmacies, schools), targeted communication to high-risk and underserved populations, and systemic changes to support healthcare providers. Tackling these issues will help reduce preventable morbidity and mortality, enhance herd immunity, and foster healthier ageing across European populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.