ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025
Intravenous Sodium Iodate Administration Induces Macula-Specific RPE Damage and Rod-Dominant Apoptosis in the Cynomolgus Monkey.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: Although sodium-iodate (SI)-induced retinal degeneration has been extensively studied in rodent models, its macular pathology and cone/rod vulnerability difference remains elusive. This study aims to characterize SI-induced macular pathology in cynomolgus monkeys. Methods: Intravenous injections of SI were performed on four male cynomolgus monkeys including three young adults (Animal No. 1-3; five to six years old) and one juvenile (Animal No. 4; two years old) from a breeding colony. To optimize dosing, Animal No. 1 received 25 and 37.5 mg/kg SI; Animal No. 2 received a single SI dose (30 mg/kg) to confirm reproducibility. Animal No. 3 was used to examine subclinical effects at a lower dose (25 mg/kg). Animal No. 4 received increasing doses (30, 35, and 40 mg/kg). Retinal changes were evaluated using fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Histological analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were also performed. Results: In Animal No. 1, prominent fluorescein leakage by FA and RPE elevation on OCT was observed in the macula after 37.5 mg/kg SI. Histology and TEM revealed that elevated RPE lesion was accompanied by significant RPE migration. Animal No. 2 exhibited similar retinal degeneration. Animal No. 3 exhibited no RPE barrier disruption but showed outer segment damage and RPE melanolipofuscin accumulation. Animal No. 4 showed minimal macular degeneration despite escalating doses. In the peripheral retina, rod apoptosis was evident, whereas macular cone cell death was limited even at high doses. Conclusion: Systemic SI administration can induce macular degeneration with RPE barrier disruption in young-adult monkeys, supporting a macula- and cell-type-specific vulnerability.
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