ArticleACS applied materials & interfaces2025
Controlled Release of Microorganisms from Engineered Living Materials.
Article in ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Polymer chemistry at the living-material interface.Chemical science · 2026Review
- PEG-Based Living Hydrogels Engineered for Tunable Production of Bioactive Lipopeptides.ACS applied polymer materials · 2026Article
- Selective Covalent Assembly of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Synthetic Polymers into Functional Living Materials.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Expandable Nanocomposite Shape-Memory Hemostat for the Treatment of Noncompressible Hemorrhage.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Theranostic Probiotic Engineered Living Materials That Dynamically Respond to Inflammation Markers.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Brillouin Spectroscopy: A Non-Invasive Method for Assessing the Viscoelastic Properties of Biologically Relevant Polymers.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Probiotics offer therapeutic benefits by modulating the local microbiome, the host immune response, and the proliferation of pathogens. Probiotics have the potential to treat complex diseases, but their persistence or colonization is required at the target site for effective treatment. Although probiotic persistence can be achieved by repeated delivery, no biomaterial that releases clinically relevant doses of metabolically active probiotics in a sustained manner has been previously described. Here, we encapsulate stiff probiotic microorganisms within relatively less stiff hydrogels and show a generic mechanism where these microorganisms proliferate and induce hydrogel fracture, resulting in microbial release. Importantly, this fracture-based mechanism leads to microorganism release with zero-order release kinetics. Using this mechanism, small (∼1 μL) engineered living materials (ELMs) release >10
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.