ArticleJournal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA2025
Normative study of the Taiwanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in community-dwelling individuals in Taiwan.
Article in Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Consensus-Defined Sarcopenic Obesity and a Related Dynapenic Obesity Phenotype in Relation to Early Cognitive Impairment.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Cognitive Impairment Alters Cortical Adaptation and Gait Regulation During Obstacle Walking in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: Evidence From Temporal fNIRS and Gait Dynamics.Journal of movement disorders · 2026Article
- Use and Psychometric Properties of the MoCA in Spain: a Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.Neuropsychology review · 2026Review
- Risk Factors and Annual Rates of Cognitive Decline in Elderly Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Recalibrating MoCA thresholds in Taiwan: Commentary on new population data.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) may not be appropriately interpreted in Taiwan because of the lack of large-scale normative data. Moreover, examinees' demographic characteristics may influence their MoCA scores. However, previous studies have not adequately adjusted for these effects. This study aimed to use regression-based methods to establish demographically adjusted MoCA norms.
methodsParticipants were recruited from six hospitals and neighboring communities from all geographic areas of Taiwan. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to quantify the effects of age, education, and sex on MoCA total and domain scores, resulting in correction equations and adjusted cutoff scores.
resultsA total of 2310 cognitively healthy participants were included in the analysis. Age and education significantly affected the total and all domain scores. Sex affected naming, language, and abstract thinking domain scores. Correction equations and corresponding cutoffs were proposed for MoCA total and domain scores to support more precise clinical interpretations.
conclusionThis study provides regression-adjusted norms for the MoCA, improving its accuracy and clinical utility in Taiwan. An adjusted total MoCA score of 23 points is recommended as the cutoff for identifying potential cognitive impairment, with domain-specific cutoffs further supporting individualized interpretation.
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