ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
Association between obesity indicators and retinopathy in US adults: NHANES 2005-2008.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Obesity and Eye Diseases.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Obesity-associated lysosomal nitrosative stress promotes retinopathy.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Research progress on the correlation between blood pressure variability and hypertensive microvascular disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Obesity is harmful to the retina. Few studies have examined obesity indicators for retinopathy, and our research is intended to elucidate this relationship. Methods: This study assessed the association between obesity indicators and retinopathy using weighted multifactorial logistic regression, participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The stability of the relationship was tested by subgroup analysis. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to test for a non-linear relationship between them. Finally, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to compare the prognostic value of each obesity indicator for retinopathy. Results: After adjusting the confounding factor, weighted logistic regression showed positive associations between body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), body mass index (BMI), and retinopathy. RCS curves found linear correlations between BRI, CI, WHtR, TMI, and WWI with retinopathy, except for BMI. Subgroup analyses showed no significant interactions between age, sex, ethnicity, and education subgroups. ROC curves showed that WWI had the highest predictive value for retinopathy. Conclusion: Overall, increased levels of these obesity indicators increase the likelihood of developing retinopathy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.