ArticleTransplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society
Invasive Fungal Disease in Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients, United States.
Article in Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infectious complications in paediatric kidney transplantation: prevention and management.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Drug-resistant tuberculosis and pulmonary co-infections in immunocompromised patients: from multi-omics to precision therapy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- InvasiveJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Unnoticed Threat: Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Mucormycosis in Solid Organ Transplantation.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Invasive Fungal Disease in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: New Risk Factors and New Therapeutic Options in a Changing World.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation SocietyReview
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUpdated benchmark data on invasive fungal disease (IFD) in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are necessary to increase clinical recognition and inform treatment and prevention strategies. We estimated IFD incidence and potential risk factors in transplant recipients in a large US commercial health insurance database.
methodsWe observed patients who received SOT or HCT during 2018-2022 until IFD development, disenrollment, or database end date (July 31, 2023). We calculated incidence (per 1000 person-years) and time to IFD development, comparing demographic features and underlying conditions for IFD versus non-IFD patients.
resultsOverall, 9143 patients received an SOT (5667 kidney, 2025 liver, 759 heart, 650 lung, 39 pancreas, 3 intestine), and 5693 patients received an HCT (3519 autologous, 2114 allogeneic, 60 unspecified type). Among SOT patients, 360 developed an IFD (incidence: 21.0 [per 1000 person-years]). Mold infections had the highest incidence (7.1), followed by unspecified mycoses (3.9) and endemic mycoses (3.3). Among HCT patients, 292 developed an IFD (incidence: 28.5), with higher incidence among allogeneic (58.4) versus autologous (12.8) HCT recipients; among all HCT recipients, unspecified mycoses had the highest incidence (8.3), then pneumocystosis (7.6), and mold infections (6.7). Median time to IFD was 173.5 days for SOT recipients and 197.5 days for HCT recipients. IFD risk varied substantially by transplant type, region, and certain underlying conditions.
conclusionOur results suggest that IFDs remain an important cause of infection among SOT and HCT recipients, particularly later in the posttransplant period, and highlight the need for prevention strategies.
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