Observational studyThe Permanente journal2025
Professional Title Use and Gender Representation During Grand Rounds and Invited Lectureships Across Specialties.
Observational study in The Permanente journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionStudies show that women are underrepresented in grand rounds across academic specialties. When women are invited as speakers, they are less likely to be introduced by their professional title compared to men. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors influenced the use of professional titles when introducing speakers at grand rounds.
methodsThis was a retrospective, observational study of grand rounds from October 2017 to March 2020 for the departments of internal medicine, neurology, OB/Gyn, pediatrics, psychiatry, and surgery at a large, academic medical center in the United States. Introductions were coded for the use of speakers' title, introducer and speaker gender, introducer and speaker training level, and speaker home institution.
resultsA total of 386 unique grand rounds and invited lectureships were reviewed for a total of 717 introductions. A greater number of men spoke at grand rounds across specialties and training (55%, χ
conclusionsWomen remain underrepresented as grand rounds and invited speakers. Men and women were introduced by their professional title with similar frequency. Differences between departments suggested that introduction protocols increased title use, and consideration of gender balance could be used to improve gender representation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.