Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40624736›Full record

ArticleAnatomical sciences education2025

Exploring response process validity of uncertainty tolerance scales implemented among health professions students.

Jennifer L Eastwood, Melanie K Farlie, Adam B Wilson, Michelle D Lazarus, Bradley Hunt, Georgina C Stephens

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Anatomical sciences education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jennifer L EastwoodDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9382-437X
Melanie K FarlieFaculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences and Monash Centre for Scholarship in Health Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6820-1496
Adam B WilsonDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1221-5602
Michelle D LazarusCentre for Human Anatomy Education and Monash Centre for Scholarship in Health Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0996-4386
Bradley HuntRush University Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Georgina C StephensCentre for Human Anatomy Education, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-7592

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Uncertainty tolerance (UT) describes how individuals perceive and respond to uncertainty. Quantitative UT scales developed with physicians have been widely used in the health professions literature; however, recent studies have raised questions about their validity when implemented among students. This study explored response process validity of two commonly implemented UT scales, the Physician's Reactions to Uncertainty (PRU1995) and Tolerance for Ambiguity (TFA) scales, addressing the research question: How do health professions students conceptualize uncertainty tolerance in scale items, and what features of the scales (e.g., clarity, context, or relatability of items) influence their conceptualizations? Cognitive interviewing captured the thought processes of Australian (11) and US (22) health professions students while responding to PRU1995 or TFA items. Interviews were analyzed using a team-based approach to framework analysis. The study found that students conceptualized items in ways that were specific to the student role and context and struggled to relate to clinically contextualized scale items. Factors that moderated students' responses were identified, including limited responsibility for patient outcomes, self-reflection, and goals related to academic success. Having identified student-specific conceptualizations of the UT construct as well as issues of item relatability, context, and clarity, we caution against using the PRU1995 or TFA scales among health professions students. This work has potential for informing UT measurement in research and education and advancing theoretical models of UT in health professions students.

Indexed as

Health OccupationsStudents, Health OccupationsAdultAustraliaFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesUncertaintyYoung Adultambiguityhealth professions educationqualitative researchquantitative scalesresponse process validitytoleranceuncertainty

Identifiers

PMID40624736
PMCPMC12319371

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.