Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40624585›Full record

ReviewHuman resources for health2025

Mitigating health workforce migration in Romania: policy lessons for Europe.

Tomas Zapata, Teodor Cristian Blidaru, Alexandru Rafila, Radu Comsa, Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Yanina Andersen, Cris Scotter, James Buchan, Ioana Novac, Khamis Al-Alawy and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Human resources for health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Career commitment and professional satisfaction among Romanian pharmacy graduates: a nationwide cross-sectional survey.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Tomas ZapataWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Teodor Cristian BlidaruCarol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. teodor.blidaru@umfcd.ro.
Alexandru RafilaCarol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Radu ComsaHealth Policy Consultant, Bucharest, Romania.
Natasha Azzopardi MuscatWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Yanina AndersenWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cris ScotterWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
James BuchanWHO CC, UTS, Sydney, Australia.
Ioana NovacWorld Health Organization Country Office Romania, Bucharest, Romania.
Khamis Al-AlawyWorld Health Organization Country Office Romania, Bucharest, Romania.
Nicolae Dragoș GarofilCarol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Health workforce migration is an important challenge for healthcare systems across Europe, with Romania facing one of the most significant impacts following its accession into the European Union. This article examines the trends, drivers, and consequences of health workforce migration in Romania, particularly physicians and nurses, explores policy interventions aimed at mitigating its effects and assesses their effectiveness. The analysis highlights the strategies employed to retain and attract healthcare workers, including financial incentives, regulatory reforms, and expanded educational opportunities. The study shows a two-thirds reduction in the annual migration of Romanian doctors to mainly countries of the WHO European Region, decreasing from 1532 in 2012 to just 461 in 2021, demonstrating the significant impact of policy interventions on workforce retention. While these interventions have successfully increased the overall number of health professionals in Romania and reduced overseas migration, challenges remain in ensuring equitable distribution and addressing workforce shortages in key specialties and occupations. Romania's experience offers valuable lessons for other European countries facing similar challenges and offers policy lessons for addressing one of Europe's most pressing healthcare priorities.

Indexed as

Emigration and ImmigrationHealth PersonnelHealth PolicyHealth WorkforceNursesPhysiciansDelivery of Health CareEuropeEuropean UnionHumansRomaniaHealth policy interventionsHealth system reformHealth workforceHealth workforce migrationHealth workforce mobilityPublic healthWorkforce retention

Identifiers

PMID40624585
PMCPMC12235902

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.