Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40624300›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Cognitive flexibility is associated with the age of onset and duration among patients with type 1 diabetes.

Ding Mojun, Yuan Dongling, He Jing, Zou Wenjing, Li Xia, Li Chuting, Zhu Xiongzhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ding MojunMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Yuan DonglingMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
He JingDepartment of Psychology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China.
Zou WenjingDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
Li XiaNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Li ChutingMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. lichuting27@csu.edu.cn.
Zhu XiongzhaoMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. xiongzhaozhu@csu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period 2015BAI12B13Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province 2023JJ30181
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is a recognized risk in patients with type 1 diabetes, yet its contributing factors and overall impact remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to explore the relationships between specific cognitive functions-namely memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility-and clinical characteristics, including age of onset and diabetes duration, as well as glycemic factors, such as glycemic control and extreme glycemic events, in a cohort of 331 patients with type 1 diabetes. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the Sustained Attention to Response Task. Network analysis revealed that age of onset and diabetes duration were central nodes in the network, strongly influencing cognitive flexibility. Additionally, age of onset was associated with a history of severe hypoglycemia, while diabetes duration was linked to visual memory decline. Significant differences were observed between the network structures of the adult-onset and childhood-onset groups, with the childhood-onset group showing greater interconnectedness. These findings emphasize the critical impact of age of onset and disease duration on cognitive outcomes in type 1 diabetes. Longitudinal studies are needed to further understand these relationships and guide targeted interventions to preserve cognitive function.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1AdolescentAdultAge of OnsetAttentionChildCognitive FlexibilityFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultAge of diabetes onsetCognitive functionDurationGlycemic fluctuationType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40624300
PMCPMC12234857

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.