Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40624259›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Identifying risk factors of biliary tract cancers using a large Japanese regional insurance claims database.

Tatsunori Satoh, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Eiji Nakatani, Hiroyuki Ariyasu, Shinya Kawaguchi, Kazuya Ohno, Hiroshi Itoh, Kaori Hayashi, Takeshi Usui

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Endoscopic Papillectomy for Ampullary Tumors in Older Patients: Balancing Oncologic Benefit and Geriatric Risk.Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Tatsunori SatohDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshihiro TanakaGraduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, 4-27-2 Kitaando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-0881, Japan.
Eiji NakataniGraduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, 4-27-2 Kitaando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-0881, Japan. nakatani.eiji.int@gmail.com.
Hiroyuki AriyasuDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
Shinya KawaguchiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
Kazuya OhnoDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
Hiroshi ItohGraduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, 4-27-2 Kitaando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-0881, Japan.
Kaori HayashiDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Takeshi UsuiGraduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, 4-27-2 Kitaando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-0881, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including bile duct cancer (BDC), gallbladder cancer (GC), and ampullary cancer (AC), are characterized by poor prognosis and increasing incidence. Identifying risk factors is essential for early detection, yet few studies have evaluated multiple risk factors for BTCs comprehensively within a large cohort. This study investigated risk factors for BTC subtypes using a large regional database from Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. A cohort of 2,571,418 individuals was analyzed based on insurance claims from April 2012 to September 2021. Participants without medical checkups or with an observation period of less than one year were excluded, leaving 625,513 eligible participants. BTC incidence was assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, incorporating health checkup data and comorbidities. Over a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 1433 cases of BDC, 838 cases of GC, and 205 cases of AC were identified. Shared risk factors across BTC subtypes included older age, male sex, elevated liver function, and cardiometabolic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Subtype-specific risk factors were also observed: hepatitis virus infection for BDC, bile duct stones for BDC and GC, gallbladder stones for GC, and rheumatic disease for AC. These findings emphasize both common and unique risk factors for BTC subtypes.

Indexed as

Biliary Tract NeoplasmsAdultAgedBile Duct NeoplasmsDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansIncidenceJapanMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsAmpullary cancerBile duct cancerBiliary tract cancerGallbladder cancerRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID40624259
PMCPMC12234695

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.