ArticleBMJ mental health2025
Premenstrual disorders and risk of sick leave and unemployment: a prospective cohort study of 15 857 women in Sweden.
Article in BMJ mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Self-Reported Changes in Premenstrual and Menstrual Symptoms among Females Taking a Novel Multinutrient Supplement: A Pilot Study.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Mendelian randomization of risk factors for premenstrual disorders.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPremenstrual disorders (PMDs) are prevalent and impair women's quality of life, but their long-term influence on work capacity is unclear. Understanding the association between PMDs and subsequent sick leave and unemployment could inform interventions and policies.
objectiveWe hypothesised that women with PMDs have an increased risk of future sick leave and unemployment compared with those without PMDs.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study involving 15 857 women aged 15-60 years who were employed at baseline in the LifeGene Study, with linkage to population and health registers in Sweden. PMDs were identified from clinical diagnoses and symptom questionnaires; sick leave and unemployment data were obtained from national registers. Poisson regression estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for sick leave and unemployment in women with versus without PMDs.
findingsA total of 2585 (16.3%) women (mean age 32.5 years) had probable PMDs. Over a median 9.17-year follow-up, 6741 (42.5%) and 1485 (9.4%) experienced at least one sick leave or unemployment, respectively. Compared with women without PMDs, those with PMDs had a 40% higher risk of sick leave (IRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.49) and a 27% higher risk of unemployment (IRR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.46). Risk elevations were pronounced for sick leave≥90 days (IRR 1.69, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.91) and depression-related sick leave (IRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.56). DISCUSSION: Women with PMDs are at increased risk of sick leave and unemployment, suggesting significant long-term socioeconomic burden associated with PMDs. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study underscores the need for greater awareness of PMDs in clinical practice. Healthcare providers should recognise the potential impairment at work associated with PMDs, especially in women with recurrent symptoms or comorbidities like anxiety or depression.
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