ArticleBMJ open2025
Determinants of implementing patient-centred care in developing countries: a case study of Kahama Municipal Hospital in Tanzania.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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- Patient-centered care and associated factors among outpatient attendees in primary hospitals in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a mixed methods study.BMC health services research · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundPatient-centred care (PCC) is one of the six key attributes of healthcare quality. However, despite its significant contribution to improving healthcare quality, PCC is often poorly implemented. This study aimed to explore the determinants of effective PCC implementation among healthcare providers at Kahama Municipal Hospital in Tanzania.
objectiveTo explore the determinants influencing the effective implementation of PCC among healthcare providers at Kahama Municipal Hospital in Tanzania.
designA qualitative approach was used, with 21 healthcare providers recruited through purposive and convenience sampling methods. Data were collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews, and content analysis was employed to analyse the data.
settingThe study was conducted at Kahama Municipal Hospital, in the Kahama Municipal Council of the Shinyanga region, Tanzania, from February to June 2019. As a referral hospital, Kahama Municipal Hospital serves a vast catchment area, including rural and semiurban communities across more than eight regions in Tanzania's Lake and Western zones.
resultsThe study identified several factors related to healthcare professionals, including awareness of PCC, staff motivation, heavy workload, professional competencies and effective communication. Organisational-related determinants, such as the absence of ethical guidelines, a lack of a clear organisational culture and the absence of specific policies and guidelines on PCC, were also found to affect its effective implementation.
conclusionPCC is recognised at Kahama Municipal Hospital, but key barriers hinder its implementation, including unclear policies, lack of a PCC-focused vision, staff shortages, excessive workloads, low motivation, limited practical exposure and communication issues. To improve PCC implementation, healthcare policymakers and hospital administrators should: (1) establish clear PCC policies, (2) integrate a patient-centred vision into leadership, (3) address workforce shortages, (4) provide targeted training on PCC and (5) boost staff motivation through recognition and career development. Implementing these measures will improve care quality and health outcomes. Further large-scale research is needed to assess PCC implementation across Tanzania and guide national policy.
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