Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40623258›Full record

ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope)2025

Obstetric Care Access Declined In Rural And Urban Hospitals Across US States, 2010-22.

Katy Backes Kozhimannil, Julia D Interrante, Caitlin Carroll, Emily C Sheffield, Alyssa H Fritz, Alecia J McGregor, Sara C Handley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health affairs (Project Hope), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Seasonality, Weather, and Obstetric Level of Care: An Analysis of Rural Delivery Locations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  9. Local availability of neonatal intensive care at rural hospitals with childbirth services.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Bridging the Gap: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a New Rural Maternity Care Center Amid Nationwide Closures.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Katy Backes KozhimannilKaty Backes Kozhimannil (kbk@umn.edu), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Julia D InterranteJulia D. Interrante, University of Minnesota.
Caitlin CarrollCaitlin Carroll, University of Minnesota.
Emily C SheffieldEmily C. Sheffield, University of Minnesota.
Alyssa H FritzAlyssa H. Fritz, University of Minnesota.
Alecia J McGregorAlecia J. McGregor, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Sara C HandleySara C. Handley, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Funding

The impact of delivery hospital organizational structure and culture on perinatal outcomesK23HD109426 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI Sara Christine Handley · 2023 to 2026
$621k
NICHD NIH HHS K23 HD109426
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We identified obstetric service status for every rural and urban short-term acute care hospital in every US state. During 2010-22, seven states had at least 25 percent of hospitals close their obstetric service lines. By 2022, more than two-thirds of rural hospitals in eight states were without obstetric services.

Indexed as

Health Services AccessibilityHospitals, RuralHospitals, UrbanFemaleHumansPregnancyUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40623258
PMCPMC12501800

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.