ArticleClinical rheumatology2025
Relieving the discrimination dilemma of adult autoimmune enteropathy and common variable immunodeficiency disease: two rare causes of chronic diarrhea and small intestinal villous atrophy.
Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnostic clues in patients with clinical malabsorption and pathological small intestinal villous atrophy: Immune-mediated type and beyond.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- CVID Enteropathy Associated With Chronic Norovirus Infection: Background, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Aspects.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAutoimmune enteropathy (AIE) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) can both manifest as chronic diarrhea and small intestinal villous atrophy, making their differentiation challenging.
aimsTo explore the similarities and differences in the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, pathological features, and long-term prognoses between these two diseases.
methodsThis retrospective study included 26 AIE patients and 29 CVID patients with gastrointestinal (GI) involvement who were admitted to our center from June 2012 to May 2024, with all their medical records reviewed. Differences between the two diseases were evaluated via statistical tests.
resultsCompared with CVID patients, AIE patients experienced a shorter duration of severe diarrhea, greater weight loss, and more severe hypoalbuminemia and electrolyte imbalances. Furthermore, CVID patients exhibited a notable history of recurrent respiratory infections; significantly lower serum levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA; a marked decrease in B-cell and CD4 + T-cell counts; and a significant inversion of the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio within peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Endoscopically, AIE patients are more likely to present with active inflammatory changes, such as erosions and hyperemia. On the basis of histopathological analysis of 23 AIE patients and 24 CVID patients, AIE patients presented with reduced goblet and Paneth cells, pronounced neutrophilic infiltration, and more frequent apoptotic bodies, while CVID patients demonstrated reduced plasma cells and deep crypt lymphocytosis. The diagnostic efficiency of the five pathological items in the duodenum (AUC 0.937), which includes goblet cell and Paneth cell reduction, was greater than that of the four-item combination (AUC 0.622). Long-term follow-up indicated that patients with both conditions were prone to diarrhea relapse, and CVID patients showed a slightly longer median relapse-free survival than did AIE patients.
conclusionsAlthough AIE patients and CVID patients share many similarities, they exhibit significant differences. A thorough medical history, laboratory tests, and endoscopic and histopathological results provide compelling evidence for their differential diagnosis. Key Points • Both AIE and CVID with gastrointestinal involvement are immune-mediated diseases characterized by chronic diarrhea and small intestinal villi atrophy, making clinical diagnosis difficult. • AIE and CVID have different characteristics that can be used to distinguish them, especially pathological findings.
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