ArticleCurrent neuropharmacology2025
Article in Current neuropharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDisease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are aimed at controlling Multiple Sclerosis disease by modulating or suppressing the immune system. However, there is limited data on changes in immune cell subsets induced by these treatments.
objectiveTo assess differences in myeloid, T-, and B-cell subsets in the peripheral blood of relapsing- remitting MS (RR-MS) patients treated with different DMTs.
methodsThis longitudinal study enrolled all RR-MS patients treated with cladribine (CLAD), dimethyl fumarate (DMF), and natalizumab (NTZ) between July 2022 and September 2022. All patients underwent blood sample collection with flow cytometry at baseline (T0; before starting treatment) and 24 ± 3 months after treatment initiation (T1).
resultsForty-three RR-MS patients (83.7% women; mean age 34.7 ± 11.1 years; median EDSS: 2.0, IQR: 1.0-2.8) were enrolled. Among them, 24 (55.8%) were treated with DMF, 10 (23.3%) with NTZ, and 9 (20.9%) with CLAD. At T1, patients assigned to CLAD showed a reduction in B-cell memory-switched (p = .029), B-cell memory-unswitched (p = .08), and B-cell naïve resting (p = .029). Additionally, the T and NK cell compartments showed a reduction in the percentage of CD3/CD4/ CD127/CD45RA/CD161+ (p = .057). In the NTZ group, a significant decrease in the percentage of CD3/CD4/CD127/CD45RA/CD161+ (p = .029) was observed. A reduced percentage of mature naïve B cells (p = .057) and B memory-unswitched (p = .059) was observed in the DMF group. No significant differences were found in the myeloid subsets.
conclusionDMTs induced significant modifications in B- and T-cell compartments. Characterizing these immunologic changes could deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of action of different therapies.
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