ReviewDigital health
The evolution of healthcare digitalisation policies in Malaysia: A four-decade narrative review (1985-2025).
Review in Digital health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunotherapy in Asia: current insights and prospects in Southeast Asia and Malaysia.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Utilization Patterns and Implementation Barriers in Adoption of Teledentistry Within Romanian Dental Practice.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Combating Stunting in Children Under Five Years Old: A Narrative Review of Policies and Programs in Southeast Asia.Cureus · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study examines Malaysia's healthcare digitalisation policies from 1985 to 2025 and their impact on the country's dual public-private healthcare system. Through a narrative review of policy documents, reports, and statistics from authorities and verified industry news as well as peer-reviewed publications, the study compares Malaysia's experience with selected developed nations (Sweden, Denmark, United Kingdom, and Estonia). Despite initialising its digitalisation agenda in the 1990s alongside these nations, the Malaysian public healthcare sector shows limited implementation with only 24% of public hospitals equipped with hospital information system (HIS) and only 7% of health clinics were equipped with clinical information system by 2019. In contrast, the private sector, which is driven by market forces, demonstrates a higher capacity of digital solution adoption. The growth of health technology companies providing various digital services such as virtual services, e-prescription, and medication delivery is fundamentally reimagining and transforming healthcare delivery models by providing disruptive digital healthcare services. However, regulatory uncertainty remains as a significant barrier to comprehensive digital transformation. Though regulatory sandboxes may provide an innovative solution to these regulatory challenges, the need for a more comprehensive and permanent regulatory framework remains. This study reveals how government policies and healthcare system structure influence digitalisation outcome and demonstrates the importance of policy and governance in shaping the digital health ecosystem, offering valuable insights for countries with a similar dual healthcare system.
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Registered trials
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