ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2025
The Association between Excessive Glenohumeral External Rotation and Risk for Shoulder and Elbow Injury in Left-Handed High School Baseball Pitchers: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Left-handed baseball pitchers exhibit unique throwing biomechanics, yet the risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in this population remain unclear. Purpose: To prospectively investigate preseason risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in left-handed high school baseball pitchers. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 160 left-handed high school baseball pitchers were enrolled. Preseason evaluations included age, height, weight, shoulder muscle strength, and range of motion of the shoulder and elbow. Participants completed a self-recorded questionnaire on shoulder and elbow pain and associated pitching limitations during the subsequent season. Participants were categorized into the noninjured or injured group. The Mann-Whitney Results: Shoulder and elbow injuries occurred in 27 participants (16.9%). The injured group had significantly greater abduction-external rotation (ABER) in the dominant shoulder (114.8°± 11.9° vs 107.5°± 13.0°; Conclusion: Increased shoulder ABER was significantly associated with shoulder and elbow injuries among left-handed high school baseball pitchers. Pitchers with ABER ≥109° are at higher risk.
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