ArticleJournal of inflammation research2025
The Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Adenoid Hypertrophy with Allergic Rhinitis Among Children and Related Potential Therapeutic Targets.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Increased IL-5, IL-33, and ST2 expression in pediatric adenoid hypertrophy associated with allergic rhinitis: Immunohistochemical and systemic evidence.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Severity-Dependent Association Between Allergic Rhinitis and Adenoid Hypertrophy in Dust Mite-Sensitized Children from Northern China: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 170 Cases.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- The Immunogenetic Landscape of Allergic Rhinitis: from Cellular Effectors to Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Systemic Immune Dysregulation in Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanisms, Comorbidities, and Implications for Targeted Therapy.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Review
- Regeneration of Peripheral Blood T-Cell Subpopulations in Children After Completion of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Objective: Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a heterogeneous group of immune cells implicated in immune diseases. However, their specific roles in adenoid hypertrophy (AH), AH with allergic rhinitis (AH+AR), and AH with otitis media with effusion (AH+OME) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize ILC subsets and their association with immunological profiles in these conditions. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to quantify ILC subsets in adenoid tissues from patients with AH, AH+AR, or AH+OME, and correlations between ILC subsets and clinical, immunological (serum and tissue cytokines), and histopathological parameters were further assessed. Results: ST2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in AH+AR than in AH and AH+OME (p < 0.05). Serum IL-33 was elevated in AH+AR compared to AH (p = 0.0127), while IFN-γ was higher in AH than in AH+AR (p = 0.0044). IL-4 levels were higher in AH and AH+AR than in AH+OME (p < 0.005). Flow cytometry showed that ILC2 predominated in AH+AR (p = 0.0009 vs AH+OME), with higher ILC2/ILC1 and ILC2/ILC3 ratios in AH and AH+AR compared to AH+OME (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that ILC2 in AH+AR positively correlated with serum IgE, IL-4, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and tissue IL-4, IL-33, TSLP, and IL-25 (p < 0.05). ILC3 inversely correlated with peripheral blood eosinophils (p = 0.0125) and positively with serum and tissue IL-17A (p < 0.05). Conclusion: ILC2 cells are significantly enriched in adenoid tissues of patients with AH+AR, with elevated ST2 and IL-33 levels supporting the activation of the IL-33/ST2/ILC2 signaling pathway. Targeting this pathway may offer novel therapeutic strategies for AH combined with allergic rhinitis.
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