ArticleSAGE open medicine2025
Evaluation of immunization service delivery in primary healthcare centers in Akinyele and Lagelu local government areas, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Article in SAGE open medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Leading from behind the scenes: Community birth attendants, the unsung heroines of childhood vaccination in Ibadan urban slum communities.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Examining perceptions, social, and policy factors influencing hepatitis B birth-dose vaccine uptake: a PEN-3 cultural model mixed-methods study of healthcare workers in Nigeria.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction: Primary healthcare is the most accessible and affordable form of healthcare for Nigerians. It offers primary prevention strategies such as routine immunization. Routine immunization at government facilities, including primary healthcares, is provided free of charge under Nigeria's Expanded Program on Immunization. However, gaps such as a shortage of healthcare workers, inadequate infrastructure, and poor supply chain management can hinder the effective delivery of immunization services. This study assessed factors affecting the quality of immunization service delivery in Primary healthcares in Akinyele and Lagelu local government areas in Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods cross-sectional design was adopted, combining quantitative data from 127 healthcare workers across 40 primary healthcares from the two local government areas with qualitative data from 10 in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: Across both local government areas, over 85% of healthcare workers received pre-service or onsite cold chain training and routinely provided immunization information. In Akinyele, onsite training was significantly associated with satisfactory cold chain management (χ Conclusion: While previous studies have documented funding and cold chain gaps, this study uniquely demonstrates how localized Basic Healthcare Provision Fund access specifically stabilizes outreach but fails to address workforce and infrastructure deficits. Expansion of Basic Healthcare Provision Fund-like financing across primary healthcares, transition to permanent, competitively compensated immunization staff, investment in renewable-energy cold chain technologies, and integration of community-driven outreach into the existing healthcare framework will improve immunization service delivery.
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