Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40619381›Full record

ArticleThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2025

Contextual factors and implementation strategies for a multi-level community-based sodium reduction intervention in Chicago's South Side: a qualitative study.

Olutobi A Sanuade, Allison J Carroll, Ricky Watson, Jiancheng Ye, Jennie L Hill, Jonathan Chipman, Fernando A Wilson, Andy J King, Abel Kho, Guilherme Del Fiol and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Salt Intake in Malaysia: A Population-Based Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Adults.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Olutobi A SanuadeDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Olutobi.sanuade@hsc.utah.edu.
Allison J CarrollDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ricky WatsonCenter for Health Information Partnerships, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Jiancheng YeWeill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
Jennie L HillDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Jonathan ChipmanDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Fernando A WilsonDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Andy J KingDepartment of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Abel KhoCenter for Health Information Partnerships, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Guilherme Del FiolDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Paris DavisTotal Resource Community Development Organization, Chicago, IL, USA.
Justin D SmithDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExcessive sodium intake exacerbates rates of hypertension. African American adults have higher rates of hypertension in part due to a higher-sodium diet. The multi-level Communication for Behavioral Impact for Sodium Reduction (COMBI-SR) community-based intervention effectively reduces sodium intake in international settings, but it has not yet been implemented and tested in the U.S. This study explored the contextual factors (barriers/facilitators) and implementation strategies for COMBI-SR in Chicago's South Side neighborhood-an area with high rates of hypertension.

methodsBetween May and November 2023, we conducted qualitative interviews with potential intervention recipients (n = 8), Research Ministry Ambassadors (n = 5) and healthcare professionals (n = 2), 1 focus group with potential intervention recipients (n = 9) and 3 focus groups with healthcare professionals (n = 10). The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0 guided the development of semi-structured interview guides. Thematic analysis was performed using CFIR 2.0 constructs to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation, and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation to identify implementation strategies.

resultsKey barriers included a lack of awareness of sodium content in foods, socioeconomic disparities limiting access to healthy options, and cultural dietary traditions. Facilitators included strong community partnerships, engaged faith-based organizations, and openness to integrating technology, such as a mobile app, to help monitor and reduce sodium intake. Specific strategies to support sodium reduction involved simplifying public health messages, offering low sodium cooking demonstrations, promoting healthier food options through community outreach, and providing personalized education on reading nutrition labels and managing sodium intake.

conclusionsSuccessful implementation of COMBI-SR in Chicago's South Side requires addressing financial, educational, and cultural barriers while leveraging trusted community structures to promote sustainable sodium reduction. These findings will guide future efforts to implement COMBI-SR in the U.S., emphasizing culturally tailored messaging and ongoing community engagement to improve cardiovascular health.

Indexed as

Diet, Sodium-RestrictedHealth PromotionSodium, DietaryAdultBlack or African AmericanChicagoFemaleFocus GroupsHumansHypertensionMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSodium, DietaryBarriersCommunity-based interventionFacilitatorsHypertensionImplementation strategiesSodium reduction

Identifiers

PMID40619381
PMCPMC12232636

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.