SynthesisBMC oral health2025
Association between Non-nutritive sucking habits and Anterior open bite: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors Associated with Lip-Closing Strength in Children Undergoing Orthodontic Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bone Remodeling by Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME): Evidence from the Monitoring of Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Salivary Matrix.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDetermine the association between nun-nutritive sucking habits and anterior open bite in children. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic searched of four databases was conducted through the end of February 2025. Study designs included observational and interventional studies. Nun-nutritive sucking habits was evaluated in three categories: (1) ever versus never; (2) longer periods versus shorter periods; (3) daily versus not daily. We considered anterior open bite as the outcome. Based on meta-analyses, the pooled adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. We assessed heterogeneity with both Q-test and I-square. An assessment of publication bias was conducted using funnel plots and Egger's test.
resultThirty three studies were included in this meta-analysis. We found that NNSH (eg, pacifier sucking and digit sucking) was associated with varying risks of developing anterior open bite (p < 0.01). Children with longer non-nutritive habits (for example, pacifier sucking and digit sucking) had a greater risk of developing anterior open bite than those with shorter habits. (p < 0.05) In addition, daily pacifier user has been linked to increased risk of developing anterior open bites. [N = 3, OR = 10.22 (5.36,19.49), p < 0.05].
conclusionIn conclusion, prolonged and daily non-nutritive sucking habits, such as pacifier and digit sucking, are associated with a significantly increased risk of anterior open bite in children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Thus, this study provides clinical support on early orthodontic treatment of AOB to inform preventative and management strategies.
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