Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40618623›Full record

ArticleVaccine2025

Humoral, T cell and immune gene expression responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a small group of children with previous MIS-C.

Timothy F Spracklen, Jonathan Day, Hamza Van Der Ross, Claire Butters, Ntombi Benede, Avril Walters, Rubina Bunjun, Thandeka Moyo-Gwete, Mashudu Madzivhandila, Simon C Mendelsohn and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Post-MIS-C cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2026
    Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Timothy F SpracklenDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Jonathan DayDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Hamza Van Der RossDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Claire ButtersDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Ntombi BenedeInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Avril WaltersInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Rubina BunjunInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Thandeka Moyo-GweteSAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Mashudu MadzivhandilaSAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Simon C MendelsohnInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Thomas J ScribaSouth African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Muki SheyInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; CIDRI-Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Wendy A BurgersInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Penny L MooreSAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Liesl J ZühlkeDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Roanne S KeetonInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Kate WebbDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Crick African Network, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: kate.webb@uct.ac.za.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/P028071/1Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children with previous multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to assess immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children over the age of 12 years with previous MIS-C and compare them to healthy children. Three children with previous MIS-C and four healthy children received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Blood was collected before the first dose, one week after the first dose, one week after the second dose and three weeks after the second dose. All participants had detectable SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG before vaccination. Spike binding and neutralising antibody activity increased after the first vaccine dose with no differences between children with a history of MIS-C and healthy children. Serum inflammatory cytokines and whole blood immune gene profiles did not resemble acute MIS-C and there were no differences in these between the two groups at any timepoint. All participants gained a robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response by three weeks after the second dose. A transient increase in SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells expressing TCR Vβ21.3, a non-specific T cell subset previously found to be enriched in patients with MIS-C, was demonstrated in two of the children with previous MIS-C but none of the healthy children. Together, these data demonstrate that vaccination is effective at boosting SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in a small group of children with previous MIS-C, and that it does not induce inflammatory cytokine or gene expression responses resembling acute MIS-C. Although larger-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings, the present evidence supports SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children with previous MIS-C.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesImmunity, HumoralSARS-CoV-2Systemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeT-LymphocytesAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineChildCytokinesFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GMaleSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesCytokinesImmunoglobulin GSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2BNT162b2 vaccineChildrenCOVID-19 vaccinesMIS-CSARS-CoV-2Vaccination

Identifiers

PMID40618623
PMCPMC7618102

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.