Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40618176›Full record

ArticleBMC nutrition2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease benefits from long-term restriction of dietary protein intake: a 10-year retrospective cohort study.

Danfeng Liu, Qiuling Li, Runli Jia, Weiting He, Xuan Zhao, Mengting Pan, Xiaojie Chen, Yanhui Wang, Yaxi Zhu, Hanchen Hou and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Danfeng Liu *School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Qiuling Li *Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Runli JiaSchool of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Weiting HeDivision of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Xuan ZhaoDivision of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Mengting PanDivision of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Xiaojie ChenDivision of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Yanhui WangDivision of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Yaxi ZhuDivision of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Hanchen HouDivision of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Jianteng XieSchool of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. xiejianteng@gdph.org.cn.
Wenjian WangSchool of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. wangwenjian@gdph.org.cn.

Funding

the National Natural Science Foundation NO. 81270816 & NO. 81470974 to W.J.W.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between long-term dietary protein intake (DPI) restriction and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

methodsWe conducted a retrospective study in both T2DM with CKD cohort from eight centers, with a follow-up period from January 2014 to September 2023 and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. DPI was evaluated based on the serum urea creatinine ratio (sUCR). The primary outcomes included initiation of dialysis, progression to end-stage renal disease, renal transplant, serum creatinine doubling, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

resultsIn the T2DM with CKD cohort, 820 patients were selected from a total of 856 and categorized into three groups, propensity score matching at a 1:1:1 ratio, according to their DPI

conclusionOur data provide the strong evidence that T2DM patients with CKD benefits from long-term restriction of DPI CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

Chronic kidney diseaseDietary protein intake; DPIsUCRNHANESPropensity score matchingTime-averageType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40618176
PMCPMC12228252

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.