ArticleBMC women's health2025
Maternal mental health improvement in ghana: role of green spaces exposure.
Article in BMC women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heat exposure and maternal stress: evidence from the GRAPHS pregnancy cohort in Ghana.Environmental research, health : ERH · 2026Article
- The Impact of Outdoor Physical Activities on the Health of Pregnant Women: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGreen space exposure has been demonstrated to influence human physical and psychosocial health. We explored the relationship between self-reported green space exposure and maternal perceived stress, anxiety and depression.
methodsWe interviewed 420 mothers using a hospital-based cross-sectional study design. We assessed maternal stress, anxiety and depression levels. Maternal self-reported green space exposure characteristics were identified using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multiple regression was used to identify the nature of relationships.
resultsHigher perceived stress, anxiety, and depression were observed in 58.1%, 42.5%, and 58.9% of respondents, respectively. Perceived stress was significantly associated with maternal utilization of green spaces for leisure activities and physical exercise (β = -0.118, 95% CI [-0.118, 0.025]). Mothers' belief that spending time in green spaces positively impacts one's overall well-being was significantly associated with maternal anxiety (β = 0.117, 95% CI [0.049, 0.491]) and depression (β = 0.164, 95% CI [0.205, 0.769]).
conclusionsOur study findings suggest that green space exposure has the potential to attenuate stress, anxiety and depression among mothers. Policies relating to the establishment of green spaces and the maternal utilization of green spaces should be encouraged. Further studies should explore maternal health green space relationships using objective green space measurement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.