Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40618067›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2025

Antibacterial effects and mechanisms of graphene oxide loaded on TiO

Keyi Wu, Xu Cao, Bin Luo, Caiyun Wang, Ran Lu, Xin Wang, Su Chen

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Keyi Wu *Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
Xu Cao *Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
Bin LuoLaboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
Caiyun WangLaboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
Ran LuLaboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
Xin WangLaboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
Su ChenLaboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. chensu@mail.ccmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Beijing Hospitals Authority's Ascent Plan 20221301Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University Young Scientist Program YSP202316National Natural Science Foundation of China 81873722
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPeri-implant inflammation is an important factor affecting the success rate of dental implants. Improving the antibacterial performance of implants is an effective method to prevent and treat peri-implant inflammation.

methodsIn this study, Graphene oxide (GO) was loaded onto Titanium (Ti) dioxide nanotubes (TNT) to produce a material with good antibacterial effects and biocompatibility. TNT was prepared through anodization, and GO-loaded TNT-modified Ti (TNT-GO) was synthesized through electrodeposition. The materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Standard plate counting assay, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and fluorescence staining were used to assess the antibacterial effects of the samples. Bacterial morphology observations were conducted to explore the antibacterial mechanisms via SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. Cell proliferation and morphological observations of the materials were performed to test the biocompatibility of TNT-GO.

resultsThe characteristic peaks of graphene oxide on TNT-GO were detected by Raman spectra. The results of contact angle test and AFM show that TNT-GO had the greatest hydrophilicity and the largest surface roughness. When P. gingivalis was cultured on the sample surfaces, the TNT-GO demonstrated the lowest bacterial adhesion, with significantly disrupted bacterial morphology. Specifically, the bacterial cells exhibited collapsed and ruptured cell membranes, leakage of intracellular contents, reduced membrane density, and phospholipid extraction. The TNT-GO group also showed the highest release of LDH extracellularly and the greatest ROS generation. The results of CCK-8 show that there was no significant difference between TNT-GO group and Ti group. The results of adherent cells morphology observation show that human gingival fibroblasts on TNT-GO group were in fusiformis and irregular triangle shapes while human gingival fibroblasts on TNT group and Ti group were in round shapes.

conclusionsThe TNT-GO had good biocompatibility and a good antibacterial effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis. It can inhibit bacteria-derived soft tissue infections and bone resorption and may be a very promising implant material.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsGraphiteNanotubesTitaniumBiocompatible MaterialsCell ProliferationFibroblastsHumansIn Vitro TechniquesMaterials TestingMicroscopy, Atomic ForceMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionReactive Oxygen SpeciesSpectrum Analysis, RamanSurface PropertiesAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiocompatible Materialsgraphene oxideGraphiteReactive Oxygen SpeciesTitaniumtitanium dioxideAntibacterial effectGraphene oxidePorphyromonas gingivalisTitanium dioxide nanotubes

Identifiers

PMID40618067
PMCPMC12228409

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.