ArticleBMC microbiology2025
Validation of stool and blood analysis compared to Inv A and ttr based direct blood qPCR assay as diagnostic tools for typhoid fever.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- MXene-based functionalized platforms for high-performance MALDI-TOF MS: application in early-stage bloodstream infection biomarker screening.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe development of molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), provides a promising approach for detecting S. enterica due to its rapidity, sensitivity, specificity, and resistance to interference from antibiotics, surpassing the routinely used stool and blood culture methods.
aimThis study aims to compare different stool and blood culturing methods with the direct blood qPCR-based assay of Salmonella Invasion A (Inv A) and Salmonella Tetrathionate Respiration (ttr) virulence genes as diagnostic tools for typhoid fever.
methodOne hundred clinically diagnosed typhoid fever (CDTF) cases were subjected to conventional stool and blood culture, followed by standard biochemical and serotyping identification of S. enterica, compared to direct blood and enriched blood-based ttr and Inv A qPCR-based techniques.
resultsUsing the enriched blood-based ttr and Inv A qPCR technique, 90% and 85% of cases, respectively, were positive and confirmed as typhoid fever. While the blood-based ttr and Inv A qPCR technique showed 82% and 80% positivity, respectively, with a Ct threshold value of 37 cycles for both techniques. The stool culture method revealed S. enterica infection in only 32% of cases, while blood culture methods identified S. enterica in 48% of cases.
conclusionThe enriched blood-based ttr and Inv A qPCR method is a promising rapid tool for diagnosing typhoid fever, offering high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and unaffected by antibiotic intake.
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