Observational studyBMJ open2025
Evaluation of optical sensor technology for the early detection of peripheral intravenous infiltration in neonates: a retrospective cohort study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biosensor Compared With Standard Care to Identify Extravasation Injuries in Paediatric Intensive Care: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Trial
- When success becomes a barrier: tackling inertia in necessary change in clinical practice in neonatal vascular access.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- The applications, complications, and management of neonatal peripherally inserted central catheters (n-PICCs): a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the utility of optical sensor-based technology in mitigating the frequency and severity of peripheral intravenous infiltration and/or extravasation (PIVIE) in neonates.
designSingle-centre, retrospective, observational cohort study.
settingTertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (112 cots) at the Women's Wellness and Research Centre (WWRC), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar, January 2019-December 2022.
participantsAll neonates admitted to the NICU requiring intravenous therapy via a neonatal short peripheral intravenous catheter (n-SPC) were included. Participants were excluded if the insertion was unsuccessful, if they had incomplete data, or if they received intravenous therapy exclusively through alternative vascular access devices.
interventionsThe study analysed two cohorts representing different clinical practices over two distinct periods. In the conventional cohort (Phase 1, 2019-2020), PIVIE detection relied solely on periodic 'Touch Look Compare (TLC)' assessments. In the ivWatch cohort (Phase 2, 2021-2022), continuous optical sensor-based monitoring using the ivWatch system was implemented alongside TLC assessments. This sequential design allowed for a comparison of outcomes between the two phases. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcomes were the occurrence and severity of PIVIE. Secondary outcomes included the influence of patient demographics, vascular access characteristics, and management details on PIVIE incidence and severity.
resultsOver the 4-year data collection period, 32 713 peripheral intravenous catheters were analysed across two cohorts. PIVIE was the most common reason for unplanned device removal. In the conventional cohort (Phase 1, 2019-2020), 4941 infiltration events were reported (29.9%), compared with 4872 events (30.1%) in the ivWatch cohort (Phase 2, 2021-2022). However, severity measures using the Intravenous Extravasation Grading Scale (IEGS) revealed a marked reduction in severe PIVIE cases, with severe events decreasing from 243 (4.9%) in the conventional cohort to 54 (1.1%) in the ivWatch cohort (p<0.001).
conclusionsPIVIE remains a frequent complication in neonatal vascular access. Continuous site monitoring with optical sensor technology was associated with earlier detection of PIVIE events and reduced IEGS severity scores. These findings highlight the potential of integrating sensor-based monitoring with traditional observational methods to improve patient outcomes in neonatal care.
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